@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix schema: <http://schema.org/> .
@prefix cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#> .
@prefix geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix wd: <https://kb.dev.arxive-eccch.eu/entity/> .
@prefix data: <https://kb.dev.arxive-eccch.eu/wiki/Special:EntityData/> .
@prefix wds: <https://kb.dev.arxive-eccch.eu/entity/statement/> .
@prefix wdref: <https://kb.dev.arxive-eccch.eu/reference/> .
@prefix wdv: <https://kb.dev.arxive-eccch.eu/value/> .
@prefix wdt: <https://kb.dev.arxive-eccch.eu/prop/direct/> .
@prefix wdtn: <https://kb.dev.arxive-eccch.eu/prop/direct-normalized/> .
@prefix p: <https://kb.dev.arxive-eccch.eu/prop/> .
@prefix ps: <https://kb.dev.arxive-eccch.eu/prop/statement/> .
@prefix psv: <https://kb.dev.arxive-eccch.eu/prop/statement/value/> .
@prefix psn: <https://kb.dev.arxive-eccch.eu/prop/statement/value-normalized/> .
@prefix pq: <https://kb.dev.arxive-eccch.eu/prop/qualifier/> .
@prefix pqv: <https://kb.dev.arxive-eccch.eu/prop/qualifier/value/> .
@prefix pqn: <https://kb.dev.arxive-eccch.eu/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/> .
@prefix pr: <https://kb.dev.arxive-eccch.eu/prop/reference/> .
@prefix prv: <https://kb.dev.arxive-eccch.eu/prop/reference/value/> .
@prefix prn: <https://kb.dev.arxive-eccch.eu/prop/reference/value-normalized/> .
@prefix wdno: <https://kb.dev.arxive-eccch.eu/prop/novalue/> .

data:Q1100 a schema:Dataset ;
	schema:about wd:Q1100 ;
	cc:license <http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/> ;
	schema:softwareVersion "1.0.0" ;
	schema:version "4741"^^xsd:integer ;
	schema:dateModified "2026-06-28T17:25:17Z"^^xsd:dateTime ;
	wikibase:statements "10"^^xsd:integer ;
	wikibase:sitelinks "0"^^xsd:integer ;
	wikibase:identifiers "0"^^xsd:integer .

wd:Q1100 a wikibase:Item ;
	wdt:P27 <http://w3id.org/lob/concept/3282> ;
	wdt:P1 wd:Q68 ;
	wdt:P522 "sewing stays",
		"quire guards",
		"quire liners" ;
	wdt:P531 "Narrow strips of sheet material, most often thin parchment and often obtained as waste from the leaves of medieval manuscripts, folded along their length, and either inserted into the centres of gatherings and sewn through to reinforce the spine folds of the gatherings or placed outside to reinforce the outside of the gatherings on the spine. Also known as sewing stays (Clarkson). Sewing guards were used on some early Coptic bindings with leaves of papyrus, but were introduced into western Europe at the same time as paper-leaved gatherings, as it was thought that paper alone would not be strong enough to prevent the sewing thread tearing through the gatherings of bound books with paper leaves. It was a time-consuming part of the binding process and was gradually abandoned in the last quarter of the fifteenth century as the quantities of printed books to be bound increased and it was realised that the reinforcements were not actually necessary. This process is evidenced in the reduction in the number of sewing guards found in a bookblock, from one in each gathering, as found typically up to the 1480s, to one or two at each end of the bookblock, even to just one at the beginning of the bookblock, by the end of the century. They appear to be rarely found in the sixteenth century. Sewing guards may run the full length of the spine fold in one piece as continuous sewing guards, or as separate sewing guards, which will usually reinforce pairs of sewing stations." ;
	wdt:P533 wd:Q415 ;
	wdt:P519 wd:Q242 ;
	wdt:P534 wd:Q1644,
		wd:Q1643 ;
	p:P27 wds:Q1100-B4BEA9C2-8537-430E-BDA5-E6CC6D7F2B00 .

wds:Q1100-B4BEA9C2-8537-430E-BDA5-E6CC6D7F2B00 a wikibase:Statement,
		wikibase:BestRank ;
	wikibase:rank wikibase:NormalRank ;
	ps:P27 <http://w3id.org/lob/concept/3282> .

wd:Q1100 p:P1 wds:Q1100-C6CC37C0-E577-400A-B803-23BDD1F76B9F .

wds:Q1100-C6CC37C0-E577-400A-B803-23BDD1F76B9F a wikibase:Statement,
		wikibase:BestRank ;
	wikibase:rank wikibase:NormalRank ;
	ps:P1 wd:Q68 .

wd:Q1100 p:P522 wds:Q1100-2268C13C-9722-4086-B900-789AEFFF1516 .

wds:Q1100-2268C13C-9722-4086-B900-789AEFFF1516 a wikibase:Statement,
		wikibase:BestRank ;
	wikibase:rank wikibase:NormalRank ;
	ps:P522 "sewing stays" .

wd:Q1100 p:P522 wds:Q1100-FBFED655-B101-4347-9DCE-5539B49A4898 .

wds:Q1100-FBFED655-B101-4347-9DCE-5539B49A4898 a wikibase:Statement,
		wikibase:BestRank ;
	wikibase:rank wikibase:NormalRank ;
	ps:P522 "quire guards" .

wd:Q1100 p:P522 wds:Q1100-79A9D83F-A79A-40B0-A341-0D6EEAE47BCB .

wds:Q1100-79A9D83F-A79A-40B0-A341-0D6EEAE47BCB a wikibase:Statement,
		wikibase:BestRank ;
	wikibase:rank wikibase:NormalRank ;
	ps:P522 "quire liners" .

wd:Q1100 p:P531 wds:Q1100-AC4E4EFA-2976-496D-A432-D3B2A7D91F98 .

wds:Q1100-AC4E4EFA-2976-496D-A432-D3B2A7D91F98 a wikibase:Statement,
		wikibase:BestRank ;
	wikibase:rank wikibase:NormalRank ;
	ps:P531 "Narrow strips of sheet material, most often thin parchment and often obtained as waste from the leaves of medieval manuscripts, folded along their length, and either inserted into the centres of gatherings and sewn through to reinforce the spine folds of the gatherings or placed outside to reinforce the outside of the gatherings on the spine. Also known as sewing stays (Clarkson). Sewing guards were used on some early Coptic bindings with leaves of papyrus, but were introduced into western Europe at the same time as paper-leaved gatherings, as it was thought that paper alone would not be strong enough to prevent the sewing thread tearing through the gatherings of bound books with paper leaves. It was a time-consuming part of the binding process and was gradually abandoned in the last quarter of the fifteenth century as the quantities of printed books to be bound increased and it was realised that the reinforcements were not actually necessary. This process is evidenced in the reduction in the number of sewing guards found in a bookblock, from one in each gathering, as found typically up to the 1480s, to one or two at each end of the bookblock, even to just one at the beginning of the bookblock, by the end of the century. They appear to be rarely found in the sixteenth century. Sewing guards may run the full length of the spine fold in one piece as continuous sewing guards, or as separate sewing guards, which will usually reinforce pairs of sewing stations." .

wd:Q1100 p:P533 wds:Q1100-0C1B2F27-1869-45AE-833D-75C59866FE0C .

wds:Q1100-0C1B2F27-1869-45AE-833D-75C59866FE0C a wikibase:Statement,
		wikibase:BestRank ;
	wikibase:rank wikibase:NormalRank ;
	ps:P533 wd:Q415 .

wd:Q1100 p:P519 wds:Q1100-0F59C03C-4DF6-4648-AF67-BA2A0018912B .

wds:Q1100-0F59C03C-4DF6-4648-AF67-BA2A0018912B a wikibase:Statement,
		wikibase:BestRank ;
	wikibase:rank wikibase:NormalRank ;
	ps:P519 wd:Q242 .

wd:Q1100 p:P534 wds:Q1100-3504C33B-D88D-4D02-A630-30B99FA9362E .

wds:Q1100-3504C33B-D88D-4D02-A630-30B99FA9362E a wikibase:Statement,
		wikibase:BestRank ;
	wikibase:rank wikibase:NormalRank ;
	ps:P534 wd:Q1644 .

wd:Q1100 p:P534 wds:Q1100-A93749DB-CD40-45D2-9C9A-DD705A96C5B6 .

wds:Q1100-A93749DB-CD40-45D2-9C9A-DD705A96C5B6 a wikibase:Statement,
		wikibase:BestRank ;
	wikibase:rank wikibase:NormalRank ;
	ps:P534 wd:Q1643 .

wd:Q1100 rdfs:label "sewing guards"@en ;
	skos:prefLabel "sewing guards"@en ;
	schema:name "sewing guards"@en .

wd:P27 a wikibase:Property ;
	rdfs:label "URI"@en ;
	skos:prefLabel "URI"@en ;
	schema:name "URI"@en ;
	schema:description "The URI of the entity."@en ;
	wikibase:propertyType <http://wikiba.se/ontology#Url> ;
	wikibase:directClaim wdt:P27 ;
	wikibase:claim p:P27 ;
	wikibase:statementProperty ps:P27 ;
	wikibase:statementValue psv:P27 ;
	wikibase:qualifier pq:P27 ;
	wikibase:qualifierValue pqv:P27 ;
	wikibase:reference pr:P27 ;
	wikibase:referenceValue prv:P27 ;
	wikibase:novalue wdno:P27 .

p:P27 a owl:ObjectProperty .

psv:P27 a owl:ObjectProperty .

pqv:P27 a owl:ObjectProperty .

prv:P27 a owl:ObjectProperty .

wdt:P27 a owl:ObjectProperty .

ps:P27 a owl:ObjectProperty .

pq:P27 a owl:ObjectProperty .

pr:P27 a owl:ObjectProperty .

wdno:P27 a owl:Class ;
	owl:complementOf _:404becc5aa3ce80ccff9624ca1c68acc .

_:404becc5aa3ce80ccff9624ca1c68acc a owl:Restriction ;
	owl:onProperty wdt:P27 ;
	owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing .

wd:Q68 a wikibase:Item ;
	rdfs:label "SKOS Concept"@en ;
	skos:prefLabel "SKOS Concept"@en ;
	schema:name "SKOS Concept"@en ;
	schema:description "A class to represent SKOS concepts."@en .

wd:P1 a wikibase:Property ;
	rdfs:label "instance of"@en ;
	skos:prefLabel "instance of"@en ;
	schema:name "instance of"@en ;
	schema:description "type to which this subject corresponds/belongs. Different from P279 (subclass of); for example: K2 is an instance of mountain; volcano is a subclass of mountain"@en ;
	wikibase:propertyType <http://wikiba.se/ontology#WikibaseItem> ;
	wikibase:directClaim wdt:P1 ;
	wikibase:claim p:P1 ;
	wikibase:statementProperty ps:P1 ;
	wikibase:statementValue psv:P1 ;
	wikibase:qualifier pq:P1 ;
	wikibase:qualifierValue pqv:P1 ;
	wikibase:reference pr:P1 ;
	wikibase:referenceValue prv:P1 ;
	wikibase:novalue wdno:P1 .

p:P1 a owl:ObjectProperty .

psv:P1 a owl:ObjectProperty .

pqv:P1 a owl:ObjectProperty .

prv:P1 a owl:ObjectProperty .

wdt:P1 a owl:ObjectProperty .

ps:P1 a owl:ObjectProperty .

pq:P1 a owl:ObjectProperty .

pr:P1 a owl:ObjectProperty .

wdno:P1 a owl:Class ;
	owl:complementOf _:b96ec5135b6832e1d84209d72460276b .

_:b96ec5135b6832e1d84209d72460276b a owl:Restriction ;
	owl:onProperty wdt:P1 ;
	owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing .

wd:P522 a wikibase:Property ;
	rdfs:label "alternative label"@en ;
	skos:prefLabel "alternative label"@en ;
	schema:name "alternative label"@en ;
	schema:description "The range of skos:altLabel is the class of RDF plain literals."@en ;
	wikibase:propertyType <http://wikiba.se/ontology#String> ;
	wikibase:directClaim wdt:P522 ;
	wikibase:claim p:P522 ;
	wikibase:statementProperty ps:P522 ;
	wikibase:statementValue psv:P522 ;
	wikibase:qualifier pq:P522 ;
	wikibase:qualifierValue pqv:P522 ;
	wikibase:reference pr:P522 ;
	wikibase:referenceValue prv:P522 ;
	wikibase:novalue wdno:P522 .

p:P522 a owl:ObjectProperty .

psv:P522 a owl:ObjectProperty .

pqv:P522 a owl:ObjectProperty .

prv:P522 a owl:ObjectProperty .

wdt:P522 a owl:DatatypeProperty .

ps:P522 a owl:DatatypeProperty .

pq:P522 a owl:DatatypeProperty .

pr:P522 a owl:DatatypeProperty .

wdno:P522 a owl:Class ;
	owl:complementOf _:ddfa2cebba34df446b60406908431216 .

_:ddfa2cebba34df446b60406908431216 a owl:Restriction ;
	owl:onProperty wdt:P522 ;
	owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing .

wd:P531 a wikibase:Property ;
	rdfs:label "scope note"@en ;
	skos:prefLabel "scope note"@en ;
	schema:name "scope note"@en ;
	schema:description "A note that helps to clarify the meaning and/or the use of a concept."@en ;
	wikibase:propertyType <http://wikiba.se/ontology#String> ;
	wikibase:directClaim wdt:P531 ;
	wikibase:claim p:P531 ;
	wikibase:statementProperty ps:P531 ;
	wikibase:statementValue psv:P531 ;
	wikibase:qualifier pq:P531 ;
	wikibase:qualifierValue pqv:P531 ;
	wikibase:reference pr:P531 ;
	wikibase:referenceValue prv:P531 ;
	wikibase:novalue wdno:P531 .

p:P531 a owl:ObjectProperty .

psv:P531 a owl:ObjectProperty .

pqv:P531 a owl:ObjectProperty .

prv:P531 a owl:ObjectProperty .

wdt:P531 a owl:DatatypeProperty .

ps:P531 a owl:DatatypeProperty .

pq:P531 a owl:DatatypeProperty .

pr:P531 a owl:DatatypeProperty .

wdno:P531 a owl:Class ;
	owl:complementOf _:90943481ac956ad333fd25abf9ff0c94 .

_:90943481ac956ad333fd25abf9ff0c94 a owl:Restriction ;
	owl:onProperty wdt:P531 ;
	owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing .

wd:Q415 a wikibase:Item ;
	rdfs:label "guards"@en ;
	skos:prefLabel "guards"@en ;
	schema:name "guards"@en .

wd:P533 a wikibase:Property ;
	rdfs:label "has broader"@en ;
	skos:prefLabel "has broader"@en ;
	schema:name "has broader"@en ;
	schema:description "Broader concepts are typically rendered as parents in a concept hierarchy (tree)."@en ;
	wikibase:propertyType <http://wikiba.se/ontology#WikibaseItem> ;
	wikibase:directClaim wdt:P533 ;
	wikibase:claim p:P533 ;
	wikibase:statementProperty ps:P533 ;
	wikibase:statementValue psv:P533 ;
	wikibase:qualifier pq:P533 ;
	wikibase:qualifierValue pqv:P533 ;
	wikibase:reference pr:P533 ;
	wikibase:referenceValue prv:P533 ;
	wikibase:novalue wdno:P533 .

p:P533 a owl:ObjectProperty .

psv:P533 a owl:ObjectProperty .

pqv:P533 a owl:ObjectProperty .

prv:P533 a owl:ObjectProperty .

wdt:P533 a owl:ObjectProperty .

ps:P533 a owl:ObjectProperty .

pq:P533 a owl:ObjectProperty .

pr:P533 a owl:ObjectProperty .

wdno:P533 a owl:Class ;
	owl:complementOf _:62134ec9fcdb535b574f595b86f6add7 .

_:62134ec9fcdb535b574f595b86f6add7 a owl:Restriction ;
	owl:onProperty wdt:P533 ;
	owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing .

wd:Q242 a wikibase:Item ;
	rdfs:label "Language of Bindings"@en ;
	skos:prefLabel "Language of Bindings"@en ;
	schema:name "Language of Bindings"@en .

wd:P519 a wikibase:Property ;
	rdfs:label "is in scheme"@en ;
	skos:prefLabel "is in scheme"@en ;
	schema:name "is in scheme"@en ;
	schema:description "Relates a resource (for example a concept) to a concept scheme in which it is included."@en ;
	wikibase:propertyType <http://wikiba.se/ontology#WikibaseItem> ;
	wikibase:directClaim wdt:P519 ;
	wikibase:claim p:P519 ;
	wikibase:statementProperty ps:P519 ;
	wikibase:statementValue psv:P519 ;
	wikibase:qualifier pq:P519 ;
	wikibase:qualifierValue pqv:P519 ;
	wikibase:reference pr:P519 ;
	wikibase:referenceValue prv:P519 ;
	wikibase:novalue wdno:P519 .

p:P519 a owl:ObjectProperty .

psv:P519 a owl:ObjectProperty .

pqv:P519 a owl:ObjectProperty .

prv:P519 a owl:ObjectProperty .

wdt:P519 a owl:ObjectProperty .

ps:P519 a owl:ObjectProperty .

pq:P519 a owl:ObjectProperty .

pr:P519 a owl:ObjectProperty .

wdno:P519 a owl:Class ;
	owl:complementOf _:5f02970355f5c42d96ea7594a5739c71 .

_:5f02970355f5c42d96ea7594a5739c71 a owl:Restriction ;
	owl:onProperty wdt:P519 ;
	owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing .

wd:Q1644 a wikibase:Item ;
	rdfs:label "separate sewing guards"@en ;
	skos:prefLabel "separate sewing guards"@en ;
	schema:name "separate sewing guards"@en .

wd:P534 a wikibase:Property ;
	rdfs:label "has narrower"@en ;
	skos:prefLabel "has narrower"@en ;
	schema:name "has narrower"@en ;
	schema:description "Narrower concepts are typically rendered as children in a concept hierarchy (tree)."@en ;
	wikibase:propertyType <http://wikiba.se/ontology#WikibaseItem> ;
	wikibase:directClaim wdt:P534 ;
	wikibase:claim p:P534 ;
	wikibase:statementProperty ps:P534 ;
	wikibase:statementValue psv:P534 ;
	wikibase:qualifier pq:P534 ;
	wikibase:qualifierValue pqv:P534 ;
	wikibase:reference pr:P534 ;
	wikibase:referenceValue prv:P534 ;
	wikibase:novalue wdno:P534 .

p:P534 a owl:ObjectProperty .

psv:P534 a owl:ObjectProperty .

pqv:P534 a owl:ObjectProperty .

prv:P534 a owl:ObjectProperty .

wdt:P534 a owl:ObjectProperty .

ps:P534 a owl:ObjectProperty .

pq:P534 a owl:ObjectProperty .

pr:P534 a owl:ObjectProperty .

wdno:P534 a owl:Class ;
	owl:complementOf _:8e5ca075f8ccd2bb3744fb4dad8a35c8 .

_:8e5ca075f8ccd2bb3744fb4dad8a35c8 a owl:Restriction ;
	owl:onProperty wdt:P534 ;
	owl:someValuesFrom owl:Thing .

wd:Q1643 a wikibase:Item ;
	rdfs:label "continuous sewing guards"@en ;
	skos:prefLabel "continuous sewing guards"@en ;
	schema:name "continuous sewing guards"@en .